NCERT Class 9 Geography | Chapter 6| Population

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Human beings are crucial for utilizing resources, shaping societies, and creating cultural environments.
They play a vital role in making resources valuable and responding to disasters.
Population is a central focus in social studies, providing context for understanding the environment.
Understanding population dynamics is essential for comprehending resource utilization and societal development.
The census of India offers valuable insights into the country's population and demographics.

India's population as of March 2011 was 1,210.6 million, comprising 17.5% of the global population.
It's unevenly distributed over 3.28 million square kilometers, accounting for 2.4% of the world's area.
Uttar Pradesh is the most populous state with 199 million people, while Sikkim has the smallest population of around 0.6 million.
Half of India's population resides in just five states: Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Bihar, West Bengal, and Andhra Pradesh.
Rajasthan, the largest state by area, holds only 5.5% of India's total population.

India's population density was 382 persons per sq km in 2011, varying widely across states.
Bihar had the highest density at 1,102 persons per sq km, while Arunachal Pradesh had the lowest at 17 persons per sq km.
States with density below 250 persons per sq km include those with rugged terrain and unfavorable climates like Arunachal Pradesh.
Moderate densities are seen in Assam and Peninsular states due to hilly terrain, moderate rainfall, and less fertile soils.
High densities occur in the Northern plains and Kerala due to flat plains, fertile soils, and abundant rainfall.
Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, and West Bengal are the Northern Plains states with high population densities.

Population is dynamic, influenced by births, deaths, and migrations.
Population growth is measured in absolute numbers and percentage change per year.
India's population grew from 361 million in 1951 to 1,210 million in 2011.
Annual growth rate increased till 1981 but declined afterward due to decreasing birth rates.
India's large population size poses challenges for resource conservation despite declining growth rates.
Population change is influenced by birth rates, death rates, and migration.
Birth rates have historically been higher than death rates, contributing to population growth.
Migration, especially rural to urban, affects population distribution and composition.
Rural-urban migration increased urban population from 17.29% in 1951 to 31.80% in 2011.
The adolescent population, aged 10 to 19, constitutes one-fifth of India's total population.
Adolescent nutrition issues need attention, and awareness can be improved through education.
The National Population Policy (NPP) 2000 aims for free and compulsory education, reduced infant mortality, universal child immunization, delayed marriage, and people-centric family welfare.